Calcium sulfate, CaSO4, is a naturally occurring calcium salt. It is commonly known in its dihydrate form, CaSO4∙2H2O, a white or colourless powder called gypsum
Potassium Hydrogen Phthalate Extrapure AR, 99.9% is slightly acidic, and it is often used as a primary standard for acid–base titrations because it is solid and air-stable, making it easy to weigh accurately.
Glycerol (Glycerine) Anhydrous Pure, 99%, is a highly pure form of glycerin with a 99% concentration and devoid of water content (anhydrous). It is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid known for its moisturizing and emollient properties. Often used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and food industries, it acts as a humectant, solvent, and sweetening agent. Due to its purity, it is particularly suited for applications requiring minimal impurities and high effectiveness.
The purpose of adding sodium thiosulfate is to remove the excess iodine from the reaction mixture. This is important because iodine is a strong oxidizing agent and can cause side reactions with the organic compounds in the mixture.
Methyl orange is a popular pH indicator that is used in the titration. The colour of the solution turns red when methyl orange is used as an indicator of acid. When methyl orange is mixed with a base, the result is yellow, or the colour changes to yellow. As a pH symbol, methyl orange is used.
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